Do Companies Enjoy Human Rights - Theoretical Analysis
Keywords:
European Convention on Human Rights, Companies, Human Rights, American and African Human Rights Systems, Amendment to US Constitution – Bill of Rights.Abstract
Development of the protection of human rights caused the issues whether or not the companies enjoy human rights. This idea has supporters but at the same time, there are opponents to it. The Article below reviews the main aspects of both approaches, analyzes the case law of US Supreme Court as well as discusses the relation of regional international human rights treaties to their applicability to the companies. The discussion is summed up by opinion that European Convention on Human Rights is the only international multilateral human rights instrument which allows a space for the protection of the relevant rights of the company.
References
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966.
American Convention on Human Rights, 1969.
African Charter on African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, 1981.
Amendment to US Constitution – Bill of Rights, 1791.
Practical Guide on Admissibility Criteria, Council of Europe/ European Court of Human Rights, 2011, 10.
Addo M. K., The Corporation as a Victim of Human Rights Violations, in: Addo M.K. (ed.), Human Rights Standards and The Responsibility of Transnational Corporations, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 1999, 187,188, 189.
Addo M. K., Applicability Human Rights Act to Private Corporations, in: Betten L. (ed.), The Human Rights Act 1998, What It Means. The Incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into the Legal Order of the United Kingdom, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, London, Boston, 1999, 197.
Addo M. K., The Corporation as a Victim of Human Rights Violations, in: Addo M. K. (ed.), Human Rights Standards and The Responsibility of Transnational Corporations, Kluwer Law International, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999, 187, see citation: Clapham A., Human Rights in the Private Sphere (OUP 1993), 91.
Addo M. K., The Corporation as a Victim of Human Rights Violations, in: Addo M. K. (ed.), Human Rights Standards and The Responsibility of Transnational Corporations, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 1999, 187, see citation: Teubner G., Enterprise Corporatism: New Industrial Policy and the Essence of the Legal Person, Am. J. of Comp. Law, 1988, Vol. 36, 130.
Blumberg Ph., The Corporate Personality in American Law: A Summary Review, Faculty Articles and Papers, 197, 1996, 49, 50, 60.
Cassimatis E. A., Human Rights Related Trade Measures under International Law: The Legality of Trade Measures Imposed in Response to Violations Human Rights Obligations under General International Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston, 2007, 45.
Dine J., Companies, International Trade and Human Rights, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 205-206.
Dine J., Companies, International Trade and Human Rights, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 205-206, cited: Feldman D., Corporate Rights and the Privilege Against Self-incrimination, in: Feldman D., and Meisel F. (eds.), Corporate and Commercial Law: Modern Developments, Lloyds of London, 1996, 365; Novak M., UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary, Engel, Kehl, 1993.
Grear A., Corporations, Human Rights and the Age of Globalization: Another Look at the “Dark Side” the Twenty-First Century, in: Wilson H. B., Grear A. (eds.), Human Rights in the World Community, Issues and Action, Fourth Edition, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2016, 420, see citation: Baxi U., The Future of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006, 237.
Grear A., Challenging Corporate “Humanity”: Legal Disembodiment, Embodiment and Human Rights, Human Rights Law Review, Oxford University Press, 2007, 7.
Grear A., Redirecting Human Rights. Facing the Challenge of Corporate Legal Humanity, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 32, 33.
Grear A., Redirecting Human Rights. Facing the Challenge of Corporate Legal Humanity, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 33, cited: Hohfeld W. N., Nature of Stockholders Individual Liability for Corporate Debts (1909) 9 Columbia Law Review 288, with further references: Finnis, The Priority of Persons, in: Horder J. (ed.), Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence, Volume IV, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
Graver D., Personal Bodies: A Corporeal Theory of Corporate Personhood, The University of Chica-go Law School Roundtable, 1999, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, Art. 11, 240.
Kolh U., The Sun, Liverpudlians and “The Truth”: A Corporate Right to Human Right?, in: Harding C., Kohl U., Salmon N., Human Rights in the Market Place. The Exploration of Rights’ Protection by Economic Actors”, Routledge, London and New York, 2016, 23, 24, 27, 29.
Kolh U., The Sun, Liverpudlians and “The Truth”: A Corporate Right to Human Right?, cited: Dig-nam A. J., Allen D., Company Law and the Human Rights Act 1998, Butterworths, London 2000, 173, in: Harding C., Kohl U., Salmon N., Human Rights in the Market Place. The Exploration of the Rights Protection by Economic Actors, Routledge, London and New Your, 2016, 27.
Kolh U., The Sun, Liverpudlians and “The Truth”: A Corporate Right to Human Right? With further references to: Ohlin J. D., Is the Concept of the Person Necessary for Human Rights? Colum. L. Rev. 105:209, 2005, 226ff: in Harding C., Kohl U., Salmon N., Human Rights in the Market Place. The Exploration of Rights’ Protection by Economic Actors, Routledge, London and New York, 2016, 29.
Wood S. G., Scharff B. G., Applicability of Human Rights Standards to Private Corporations: An American Perspective, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 50, Oxford University Press, 538, 541, 542, 543, 544.
A Newspaper Publishing Company v. Trinidad and Tobago, communication №360.1989, Decision of the UN Human Rights Committee, CCPR/C/36/D/360/1989.
Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 (1906), cited: Blumberg Ph., The Corporate Personality in American Law: A Summary Review, Faculty Articles and Papers, 197, 1990, 60.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 518, 636 *1819); Judgment of the Supreme Court of US, cited: Blumberg Ph., The Corporate Personality in American Law: A Summary Review, Faculty Articles and Papers, 197, 1996, 49, 50, 60.
The Railroad Tax Cases, 13 F. 744 (C.C.D. Cal. 1882), appeal Dismissed as moot sub nom. San Mateo County v. Sothern Pac. R.R., 116 U.S. 138 (1885); Judgment of the Supreme Court of US, cited: Blumberg Ph., The Corporate Personality in American Law: A Summary Review, Faculty Articles and Papers, 197, 1990, 49, 50, 60.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 TSU Publishing House
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
